( a ) pathogenesis
The etiology of complex, many diseases or factors can result in male infertility. According to the results of semen examination, can be classified as azoospermia, severe oligospermia, oligospermia, sperm count, sperm normal infertility and sperm thrombasthenia.
In general the etiology of male infertility:
Chromosome 1 abnormalities are common in male pseudohermaphroditism, Klinefelter syndrome and syndrome XYY, 46XY / 47XXY chromosome abnormalities induced testicular spermatogenic obstacles.
2 endocrine hypothalamic dysfunction, such as Kallmann syndrome, mainly gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency; pituitary dysfunction, such as selective luteinizing hormone ( LH ) deficiency and Menotropins ( FSH ) deficiency, hyperprolactinemia. Adrenal cortical hyperplasia can inhibit the secretion of pituitary FSH, LH, lead to infertility.
3 reproductive tract infections such as prostatitis, epididymitis, orchitis, urethritis, serious impact on male fertility.
4 vas deferens obstruction of congenital and acquired obstruction can affect sperm transport Erzhi infertility.
5 of testicular spermatogenic function abnormalities of cryptorchidism, testicular, small anorchia, iral orchitis, varicocele, toxins, magnetic field, high fever and traumatic physicochemical factors can cause testicular spermatogenic obstacles.
6 sperm abnormal structure and seminal abnormalities can affect sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction.
7 male immune infertility itself produce antisperm antibody and the female antisperm antibodies can affect sperm motility and the ova penetration.
8 male sexual dysfunction, premature ejaculation ejaculation, erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation can result in male infertility.
9 drug factors: common with cimetidine, sulfasalazine, Tripterygium wilfordii, spironolactone, nitrofurantoin, niridazole, colchicine, various hormones and cancer chemotherapy drugs such as certain alkyl compounds, often can lead to temporary or permanent damage to spermatogenesis.
10 operation factors such as urethral valve operation, urethral obstruction of bladder neck incision performed, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or a large retroperitoneal operation, are likely to cause retrograde ejaculation or ejaculatory disorders, lead to infertility.
11 bad habits and work factors for long-term wear tight pants, tobacco and alcohol, exposure to toxic substances, frequent hot water bath, sexual intercourse is improper or too frequent, often long and overwork to ride a bike and radiation damage.
12 other ciliated lag dynamic syndrome, manifested as patients in children suffering from chronic respiratory disease in adulthood, the sperm tail abnormalities of cilia, sperm forward swimming ability.