From birth to maternal systemic organs recovered to the normal state to a desired time, called the puerperium. In general 68 week.
The puerperium with genital and breast changes most apparent. But the former is restored, the latter is further development.
In 1, the uterus: the uterus after delivery is contracted to the umbilicus, every drop 1.52 cm, puerperal period can be restored to normal size.
In 2, the vagina, vaginal wall due to pelvic: fetal childbirth is open, and there are many small wound, puerperium within the vaginal wall muscle tension gradually recovered. Pelvic floor muscle due to expansion and lose elasticity, and are often part of the muscle fiber fracture. Puerperal like to exercise, can be restored to the pre-pregnant state.
In 3, the secretion of milk: shortly postpartum pinch nipple, i.e. there will be light yellow viscous milk outflow, called colostrum. Colostrum nutrition value is high and contains many antibodies, is the baby born after the first meal. But early often insufficient lactation, most people need about two weeks to fully satisfy the requirement of infants. Therefore, postpartum to breastfeeding, even if the milk is not much, also let the baby often suck, so as to stimulate secretion of breast milk, but also helps the uterus restoration.
4, lochia changes: in the puerperium discharged from the vaginal secretions called lochia. After 2 - 4 days are almost all bloody, and more 58 day; a decrease in blood volume, become brown serous lochia; 15 days into a yellow-white, about 3 weeks postpartum disappeared.
5, menstrual and ovulation: due to individual differences, ovarian function recovery time is not a, if not breast-feeding, puerperal ovarian follicular development in new. Menstruation generally in about 6 weeks postpartum complex wave. Lactation also has one year not to come, but no matter how, puerperium after the contraceptive measures.
After delivery, although from a heavy stomach state next liberation to come out in the puerperium, but there are still many maternal bothersome symptoms. There is a physiological phenomenon not to worry; some are pathological manifestations, it should be understood, early treatment of early detection.
In 1, incomplete uterine recovery: after delivery is over many days, but still have a red or brown lochia continuously, lower abdominal pain. The reason might be that have intrauterine foreign body. Should take the uterine contraction drugs, such as invalid also must travel Palace operation.
2, puerperal fever: two or three days after delivery temperature continue at temperatures above 38 DEG C, or feeling chills fever, its reason is: common cold; the infected birth canal and breast distending pain. Once in place, do not abuse antipyretic, should go to hospital for treatment.
3, pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome sequelae: generally, with pregnancy hypertension syndrome, symptoms vanished after delivery. But there are still some after childbirth symptoms persist, the pregnancy syndrome, postpartum should be checked regularly, abnormal timely treatment, or will leave sequela.
In 4, urinary retention: 2 hours postpartum maternal catherters should be encouraged, urination disorders, available thermal vapor sit smoked or call the sound of water induction. Such as postpartum 6 - 8 hour still unable to urinate for postpartum urinary retention, swell bladder can influence the contraction of the uterus, must take the urethral catheterization.
In addition, there are such as: cracked nipples, mastitis, constipation, prolapse of uterus, postpartum are easy to occur, preferably under the guidance of a doctor's treatment.
After delivery of the 23 days (" often produces ) is spend in the hospital.
Just after delivery due to ease and fatigue, maternal much feeling tired, rest is very important, the diet can eat light, without excitant food, caesarean section should have considered Gong (i.e. farting) before eating.
Postpartum 2 hours, want to pee, otherwise, filling the bladder will affect the uterine contraction. As of 8 hours is not to piss to urethral catheterization. Postpartum 24 hours of activities, also can be in bed doing uterine massage or minor puerperal gymnastics. With warm towel to scrub the nipple and pull out, as soon as possible to let the baby suck the nipple, preferably in the postnatal 1 hours to infants fed breast milk, even if no milk, also to let the baby sucking, and breast massage.
After discharge, both the housewife's work, and the mother of parental responsibility, fatigue easily, therefore, should pay attention to rest. Every available hot water body or shower clean body, pay attention to lochia, maintain a clean perineum, continue to do gymnastics and puerperal breast massage. On postnatal day 42 to designated hospital to do post-natal health examination, while the baby will do the health examination, establish the vaccination card, time of vaccination vaccine. In the puerperium if bleeding, have a fever, pain and other abnormal, want to go to the hospital immediately.
Since the birth of physical extreme and postpartum recovery of the organism and lactation need, strengthen postpartum nutrition is very important.
Puerperal day around the need to heat 27002800 kcal, 100 g protein, the pregnancy before the diet increased about 30% the left and right sides as well. Diet should be considered a balanced nutrition.
Staple food than in late pregnancy increases some non-staple food, should eat some meat, fish, eggs, milk and fresh vegetables. Lactation should be more semi-liquid food such as chicken soup, fish soup, pork ribs soup, eat much food less.
In addition the following situations, in the diet to be controlled or tilt.
In 1, with pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome sequela, in the active treatment at the same time, to control salt intake.
2, symptoms of anemia, more intake of protein and is rich in iron such as black fungus, kelp, laver, liver and other foods.
3, constipation should be eating more fiber than vegetables and fruits, the morning to drink salt water or honey water is also effective.
4, in order to prevent excessive fat, to control the sugary food intake.
In 5, hobby products such as cigarette, wine continue as gestation as control, spicy sauce and coffee, it is best not to excess.
Puerperal gymnastics is to help the mother to restore the body's an effective movement.
The key points to adhere to, not fatigue limit; two to grasp the essentials. This paper mainly introduces several puerperal gymnastics, for reference.
1, supine, hands extended, do deep breathing. While breathing out side reached up to the chest, palms together, breathe again, arm restitution.
2, supine, massage and two shoulder support. The hips upward support, inspiration, and then down the buttocks, while breath.
3, supine, hands close to the trunk, double knee flexor, bipedal do pedal movement.
4, supine, hands close to the trunk, double knee flexor received simultaneously to the chest, inspiration, and then straight flat legs, at the same time breath.
5, supine, knees straight, legs and bed at right angles to a curved, breathe again. Thigh closer to the belly; and then the legs straight, breathing a down leg.
6, supine, hold knees, by reaction, set up the upper body. Again returned to the supine posture, like a rocking chair, up and down.
7, recumbent, hand in the upper body, upper body and legs back up, adhere to 5 seconds. Standing, make the body back, forced to do 5 seconds.
8, in bed, supine, hands hold the bed. Twist waist, take your left leg bed on the right side. Face to the left. The upper body as flat on the bed.
In 9, two legs slightly apart, while breathing out side of the waist bending forward slowly, his hands touching the floor. Rose, while breathing out side upper part of the body slowly backwards.
Puerperal gymnastics, such as the absence of exceptional circumstances, the very next day started from postpartum exercise, start to do every day 510 time, gradually increase the amount of exercise. Postpartum 1014 days for knee chest decubitus, 23 time every day, every 10 minutes or so, to prevent the retroversion of the uterus